θεός

θεός, ὁ, [dialect] Boeot. [full] θιός, [dialect] Lacon. [full] σιός (v. infr.), Cypr., Cret. [full] θιός Inscr.Cypr.135.27 H., Leg.Gort.1.1, [dialect] Dor. also [full] θεύς Call.Cer.58; acc. θεῦν v.l. ib.130; voc. (only late) θεός, also

A

θεέ LXXDe.3.24

, Ev.Matt. 27.46, PMag.Lond.121.529, etc.; but classical in compd. names, Ἀμφίθεε, Τιμόθεε:—God, the Deity, in general sense, both sg. and pl. (

εἰ καὶ ἐπὶ θεοὺς καὶ ἔτι μᾶλλον ἐπὶ θεὸν ἁρμόζει μεταφέρειν Plot.6.8.1

), θ. δὲ τὸ μὲν δώσει τὸ δ' ἐάσει God will grant . . , Od.14.444;

οὐδέ κεν ἄλλως οὐδὲ θ. τεύξειε 8.177

, cf. 3.231, Il.13.730 (also

θεὸς Ζεύς Od.4.236

, 14.327);

θ. καὶ ἀγαθὴ τύχη Pl.Lg.757e

, cf. Timocl.3 D.;

σὺν θεῷ Il.9.49

, S.Aj.765, etc. (less freq. ξὺν τῷ θ. ib.383); σὺν θ. εἰρημένον Hdt.1.86, cf. 3.153;

σὺν θ. εἰπεῖν Pl.Prt.317b

: so in pl.,

σύν γε θεοῖσιν Il.24.430

;

οὔ τοι ἄνευ θεοῦ Od.2.372

; οὐ θεῶν ἄτερ pi.P.5.76;

ἐκ θεόφι Il.17.101

; ὑπὲρ θεόν against his will, 17.327;

ἂν θ. θέλῃ Alex. 231

;

θ. θέλοντος Men.Mon.671

: in pl.,

ἂν θεοὶ θέλωσιν Alex.247

; θεῶν συνεθελόντων, βουλομένων, X.Eq.Mag.9.8, Luc.Macr.29;

εἰ ὀρθῶς ἢ μή, θ. οἶδε Pl.Phdr.266b

, cf.R.517b, etc.; in oaths,

θ. ἴστω S.OC522

(lyr.), etc.;

πρὸς θεῶν Hdt.5.49

, D.1.15, etc.:

τοὺς θεούς σοι

bless you! good heavens! for heaven's sake!

M.Ant.7.17

, Arr.Epict.2.19.15, al.; τὸν θ. σοι ib.3.7.19, al.: qualified by τις, Od.9.142, etc.;

οὐκ ἄνευ θεῶν τινος A.Pers.164

(troch.), E.Ba.764;

κατὰ θεόν τινα Id.IA411

, Pl. Euthd.272e;

κατὰ θεόν πως εἰρημένα Id.Lg.682a

: doubled in poets,

θεὸν θεόν τις ἀγλαϊζέτω B.3.21

, cf. Diagor.1;

θεοὶ θεοὶ τῶν ἀδίκων μέλουσι E.HF772

, cf. Paus.Gr.Fr.203; θεοί (Cret. θιοί) as an opening formula in Inscrr. (sc. τύχην ἀγαθὴν διδοῖεν), Leg.Gort.1.1, IG 12.52, etc.: sg., θ. τύχη ib.5(2).1, etc.: in Prose also with the Art.,

ὁ θ. πάντων ἂν εἴη αἴτιος Pl.R.379c

, cf. Lg.716c, etc.; τὰ πρὸς τοὺς θ., τὰ παρὰ τῶν θ., X.Mem.1.3.1, 2.6.8.

b θεοί, opp.

ἄνδρες, πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε Il.1.544

;

ὃν Ξάνθον καλέουσι θ., ἄνδρες δὲ Σκάμανδρον 20.74

: in Comparisons,

θεοῖσιν ἶσ' ἔθελε φρονέειν 5.440

;

θεοῖς ἐναλίγκια μήδεα Od.13.89

; also in sg.,

θεῷ ἐναλίγκιος αὐδήν Il.19.250

;

θεὸς ὥς 5.78

;

ὥς τε θεός 3.381

: prov., θεὸς πρὸς ἀνθρώπους, of an 'angel's visit', Herod.1.9.

c of special divinities, νέρτεροι θ. A.Pers.622, S.Ant.602 (lyr.); ἐνέρτεροι θ. Il.15.225; οἱ κάτωθεν θ. S.Ant.1070;

θ. οὐράνιοι h.Cer.55

, A.Ag.90 (anap.); οἱ δώδεκα θ. Ar.Eq.235, X.Eq.Mag.3.2, IG22.30, etc.; μὰ τοὺς δώδεκα θ. Men.Sam.91; in dual, τὼ σιώ ([dialect] Lacon.), of Castor and Pollux, ναὶ τὼ ς. X.An.6.6.34, HG4.4.10, Ar.Lys.81: so in [dialect] Boeot., of Amphion and Zethus, νεὶ τὼ σιώ (leg. θιώ) Id.Ach.905.

d ὁ θ., of natural phenomena, ὁ θ. ὕει (sc. Ζεύς) Hdt.2.13;

ὁ θ. ἐνέσκηψε βέλος Id.4.79

; ἔσεισεν ὁ θ. (sc. Ποσειδῶν) X.HG4.7.4; of the sun, Hdt.2.24, A.Pers. 502, E.Alc.722; δύνοντος τοῦ θ. App.BC4.79; the weather, τί δοκεῖ τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ; Thphr.Char.25.2.

e Astrol., θεοί,= ἀστέρες, Jul. Laod.in Cat.Cod.Astr.8(4).252.

f θεός (sc. Ἥλιος), name of the 9th τόπος, Rhetor.ib.163, etc.

2 metaph., of abstract things,

τὸ δ' εὐτυχεῖν τόδ' ἐν βροτοῖς θεός τε καὶ θεοῦ πλέον A.Ch.60

;

ἡ φρόνησις ἁγαθὴ θ. μέγας S.Fr.922

;

θ. γὰρ καὶ τὸ γιγνώσκειν φίλους E.Hel.

<*>60; ὁ πλοῦτος τοῖς σοφοῖς θ. Id.Cyc.316; φθόνος κάκιστος θ. Hippothoon 2.

3 as title of rulers, θεῶν ἀδελφῶν (sc. Ptolemy Il and Arsinoe), Herod.1.30, etc.;

Πτολεμαῖος ὑπάρχων θεὸς ἐκ θεοῦ καὶ θεᾶς OGI90.10

(Rosetta, ii B.C.);

Ἀντίοχος ὅτῳ θεὸς ἐπώνυμον γίγνεται App.Syr.65

; θεὸς ἐκ θεοῦ, of Augustus, OGI655.2 (Egypt, 24 B.C.);

θ. ἡμῶν καὶ δεσπότης IPE4.71

(Cherson., ii A.D.).

b = Lat. Divus, Mon.Anc.Gr.10.4, Str.4.1.1, etc.; οἱ ἐν θεοῖς αὐτοκράτορες,= divi Imperatores, IG12(1).786 ([place name] Rhodes).

c generally of the dead,

καὶ ζῶντός σου καὶ εἰς θεοὺς ἀπελθόντος PPetr.2p.45

(iii B.C.); θεοῖς χθονίοις,= Lat. Dis Manibus, IG14.30,al.

4 one set in authority, judge, τὸ κριτήριον τοῦ θ., ἐνώπιον τοῦ θ., LXXEx.21.6, 22.8; θεοὺς οὐ κακολογήσεις ib.22.28(27).

II θεός fem., goddess,

μήτε θήλεια θεός, μήτε τις ἄρσην Il.8.7

, cf. Hdt.2.35, al.;

τοῖς θεοῖς εὔχομαι πᾶσι καὶ πάσαις D.18.1

, cf. 141, Orac.ib.21.52; esp. at Athens, of Athena, Decr. ap. And.1.77, Pl.Ti.21a, etc.; ἁ Διὸς θεός, Ζηνὸς ἡ θ., S.Aj.401 (lyr.), 952 (ἡ Διὸς θεά ib.450); of other goddesses,

ποντία θεός Pi.I. 8(7).36

; ἡ νερτέρα θ.,= Περσεφόνη, S.OC1548, etc.; of Thetis, Pl. Ap.28c; of Niobe, S.El.150 (lyr.), Ant.834 (anap.): in dual, of Demeter and Persephone,

τὰ τοῖν θεοῖν ψηφίσματα Ar.V.378

(lyr.);

οὐδ' ἔδεισε τὼ θεώ And.1.125

; freq. in oaths,

νὴ τὼ θεώ Ar.Lys.112

;

μὰ τὼ θεώ Id.Ec.155

,532.

III as Adj. in [comp] Comp. θεώτερος, divine, θύραι θ., opp. καταιβαταὶ ἀνθρώποισιν, Od.13.111; χορὸς θ. Call.Ap. 93, cf.Dian.249, D.P.257. (Derived by Hdt.2.52 fr. τίθημι ([etym.] κόσμῳ θέντες τὰ πρήγματα), by Pl.Cra.397d fr. θεῖν. Etym. dub.) [In [dialect] Ep. (twice in Hom.) and Trag. (E.Ba.47, 1347, al., not in Com.), as monosyll. by synizesis,

θεοί Il.1.18

, Thgn.142;

θεῶν h.Cer.55

, 259;

θεοῖς Thgn.171

;

θεοῖσιν Od.14.251

;

θεούς h.Cer.325

: even in nom. θεός before a vowel, E.Or.399 (cf. Pors. ad loc.), HF347; in Pi.P. 1.56 apptly. a short monosyll.]